1. 밑줄 친 부분의 의미와 가장 가까운 것을 고르시오.

Privacy as a social practice shapes individual behavior in conjunction with other social practices and is therefore central to social life.

• ①
   in combination with
• ②
   in comparison with
• ③
   in place of
• ④
   in case of

2. 밑줄 친 부분의 의미와 가장 가까운 것을 고르시오.

The influence of Jazz has been so pervasive that most popular music owes its stylistic roots to jazz.

• ①
   deceptive
• ②
   ubiquitous
• ③
   persuasive
• ④
   disastrous

3. 밑줄 친 부분의 의미와 가장 가까운 것을 고르시오.

This novel is about the vexed  parents of an unruly teenager who quits school to start a business.

• ①
   callous
• ②
   annoyed
• ③
   reputable
• ④
   confident

4. 밑줄 친 부분에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

A group of young demonstrators attempted to _________ the police station.

• ①
   line up
• ②
   give out
• ③
   carry on
• ④
   break into

5. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?

The most notorious case of imported labor is of course the Atlantic slave trade, which brought as many as ten million enslaved Africans to the New World to work the plantations. But although the Europeans may have practiced slavery on the largest scale, they were by no means the only people to bring slaves into their communities: earlier, the ancient Egyptians used slave labor to build their pyramids, early Arab explorers were often also slave traders, and Arabic slavery continued into the twentieth century and indeed still continues in a few places. In the Americas some native tribes enslaved members of other tribes, and slavery was also an institution in many African nations, especially before the colonial period.

• ①
   African laborers voluntarily moved to the New World.
• ②
   Europeans were the first people to use slave labor.
• ③
   Arabic slavery no longer exists in any form.
• ④
   Slavery existed even in African countries.

6. 어법상 옳은 것은?

• ①
   This guide book tells you where should you visit in Hong Kong.
• ②
   I was born in Taiwan, but I have lived in Korea since I started work.
• ③
   The novel was so excited that I lost track of time and missed the bus.
• ④
   It's not surprising that book stores don't carry newspapers any more, doesn't it?

7. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Warming temperatures and loss of oxygen in the sea will shrink hundreds of fish species―from tunas and groupers to salmon, thresher sharks, haddock and cod―even more than previously thought, a new study concludes. Because warmer seas speed up their metabolisms, fish, squid and other water-breathing creatures will need to draw more oxygen from the ocean. At the same time, warming seas are already reducing the availability of oxygen in many parts of the sea. A pair of University of British Columbia scientists argue that since the bodies of fish grow faster than their gills, these animals eventually will reach a point where they can’t get enough oxygen to sustain normal growth. “What we found was that the body size of fish decreases by 20 to 30 percent for every 1 degree Celsius increase in water temperature,” says author William Cheung.

• ①
   Fish Now Grow Faster than Ever
• ②
   Oxygen's Impact on Ocean Temperatures
• ③
   Climate Change May Shrink the World's Fish
• ④
   How Sea Creatures Survive with Low Metabolism

8. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 옳지 않은 것은?

• ①
   ①
• ②
   ②
• ③
   ③
• ④
   ④

9. 주어진 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 것은?

For example, the state archives of New Jersey hold more than 30,000 cubic feet of paper and 25,000 reels of microfilm.
---------
Archives are a treasure trove of material:from audio to video to newspapers, magazines and printed material―which makes them indispensable to any History Detective investigation. While libraries and archives may appear the same, the differences are important. (①) An archive collection is almost always made up of primary sources, while a library contains secondary sources. (②) To learn more about the Korean War, you’d go to a library for a history book. If you wanted to read the government papers, or letters written by Korean War soldiers, you’d go to an archive. (③) If you’re searching for information, chances are there’s an archive out there for you. Many state and local archives store public records―which are an amazing, diverse resource. (④) An online search of your state’s archives will quickly show you they contain much more than just the minutes of the legislature―there are detailed land grant information to be found, old town maps, criminal records and oddities such as peddler license applications.
------------
※	treasure trove:귀중한 발굴물(수집물)
※	land grant:(대학․철도 등을 위해) 정부가 주는 땅

• ①
   1번
• ②
   2번
• ③
   3번
• ④
   4번

10. 다음 글의 흐름상 가장 어색한 문장은?

The term burnout refers to a “wearing out” from the pressures of work. Burnout is a chronic condition that results as daily work stressors take their toll on employees. ①The most widely adopted conceptualization of burnout has been developed by Maslach and her colleagues in their studies of human service workers. Maslach sees burnout as consisting of three interrelated dimensions. The first dimension―emotional exhaustion―is really the core of the burnout phenomenon. ②Workers suffer from emotional exhaustion when they feel fatigued, frustrated, used up, or unable to face another day on the job. The second dimension of burnout is a lack of personal accomplishment. ③This aspect of the burnout phenomenon refers to workers who see themselves as failures, incapable of effectively accomplishing job requirements. ④Emotional labor workers enter their occupation highly motivated although they are physically exhausted. The third dimension of burnout is depersonalization. This dimension is relevant only to workers who must communicate interpersonally with others (e.g. clients, patients, students) as part of the job.

• ①
   1번
• ②
   2번
• ③
   3번
• ④
   4번

11. 밑줄 친 부분에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

A:Were you here last night?
B:Yes. I worked the closing shift. Why?
A:The kitchen was a mess this morning. There was food spattered on the stove, and the ice trays were not in the freezer.
B:I guess I forgot to go over the cleaning checklist.
A:You know how important a clean kitchen is.
B:I’m sorry. _________________________

• ①
   I won't let it happen again.
• ②
   Would you like your bill now?
• ③
   That's why I forgot it yesterday.
• ④
   I'll make sure you get the right order.

12. 밑줄 친 부분에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

A:Have you taken anything for your cold?
B:No, I just blow my nose a lot.
A:Have you tried nose spray?
B:_________________________________
A:It works great.
B:No, thanks. I don’t like to put anything in my nose, so I’ve never used it.

• ①
   Yes, but it didn't help.
• ②
   No, I don't like nose spray.
• ③
   No, the pharmacy was closed.
• ④
   Yeah, how much should I use?

13. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Deserts cover more than one-fifth of the Earth’s land area, and they are found on every continent. A place that receives less than 25 centimeters (10 inches) of rain per year is considered a desert. Deserts are part of a wider class of regions called drylands. These areas exist under a “moisture deficit,” which means they can frequently lose more moisture through evaporation than they receive from annual precipitation. Despite the common conceptions of deserts as hot, there are cold deserts as well. The largest hot desert in the world, northern Africa’s Sahara, reaches temperatures of up to 50 degrees Celsius (122 degrees Fahrenheit) during the day. But some deserts are always cold, like the Gobi Desert in Asia and the polar deserts of the Antarctic and Arctic, which are the world’s largest. Others are mountainous. Only about 20 percent of deserts are covered by sand. The driest deserts, such as Chile’s Atacama Desert, have parts that receive less than two millimeters (0.08 inches) of precipitation a year. Such environments are so harsh and otherworldly that scientists have even studied them for clues about life on Mars. On the other hand, every few years, an unusually rainy period can produce “super blooms,” where even the Atacama becomes blanketed in wildflowers.

• ①
   There is at least one desert on each continent.
• ②
   The Sahara is the world's largest hot desert.
• ③
   The Gobi Desert is categorized as a cold desert.
• ④
   The Atacama Desert is one of the rainiest deserts.

14. 우리말을 영어로 가장 잘 옮긴 것을 고르시오.

• ①
   나는 너의 답장을 가능한 한 빨리 받기를 고대한다. →I look forward to receive your reply as soon as possible.
• ②
   그는 내가 일을 열심히 했기 때문에 월급을 올려 주겠다고 말했다. →He said he would rise my salary because I worked hard.
• ③
   그의 스마트 도시 계획은 고려할 만했다. →His plan for the smart city was worth considered.
• ④
   Cindy는 피아노 치는 것을 매우 좋아했고 그녀의 아들도 그랬다. →Cindy loved playing the piano, and so did her son.

15. 우리말을 영어로 가장 잘 옮긴 것을 고르시오.

• ①
   당신이 부자일지라도 당신은 진실한 친구들을 살 수는 없다. →Rich as if you may be, you can't buy sincere friends.
• ②
   그것은 너무나 아름다운 유성 폭풍이어서 우리는 밤새 그것을 보았다. →It was such a beautiful meteor storm that we watched it all night.
• ③
   학위가 없는 것이 그녀의 성공을 방해했다. →Her lack of a degree kept her advancing.
• ④
   그는 사형이 폐지되어야 하는지 아닌지에 대한 에세이를 써야 한다. →He has to write an essay on if or not the death penalty should be abolished.

16. 밑줄 친 부분에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Social media, magazines and shop windows bombard people daily with things to buy, and British consumers are buying more clothes and shoes than ever before. Online shopping means it is easy for customers to buy without thinking, while major brands offer such cheap clothes that they can be treated like disposable items―worn two or three times and then thrown away. In Britain, the average person spends more than ￡1,000 on new clothes a year, which is around four percent of their income. That might not sound like much, but that figure hides two far more worrying trends for society and for the environment. First, a lot of that consumer spending is via credit cards. British people currently owe approximately ￡670 per adult to credit card companies. That’s 66 percent of the average wardrobe budget. Also, not only are people spending money they don’t have, they’re using it to buy things __________________. Britain throws away 300,000 tons of clothing a year, most of which goes into landfill sites.

• ①
   they don't need
• ②
   that are daily necessities
• ③
   that will be soon recycled
• ④
   they can hand down to others

17. 밑줄 친 부분에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Excellence is the absolute prerequisite in fine dining because the prices charged are necessarily high. An operator may do everything possible to make the restaurant efficient, but the guests still expect careful, personal service: food prepared to order by highly skilled chefs and delivered by expert servers. Because this service is, quite literally, manual labor, only marginal improvements in productivity are possible. For example, a cook, server, or bartender can move only so much faster before she or he reaches the limits of human performance. Thus, only moderate savings are possible through improved efficiency, which makes an escalation of prices _______. (It is an axiom of economics that as prices rise, consumers become more discriminating.) Thus, the clientele of the fine-dining restaurant expects, demands, and is willing to pay for excellence.

• ①
   ludicrous
• ②
   inevitable
• ③
   preposterous
• ④
   inconceivable

18. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

To be sure, human language stands out from the decidedly restricted vocalizations of monkeys and apes. Moreover, it exhibits a degree of sophistication that far exceeds any other form of animal communication.
--------------
(A)That said, many species, while falling far short of human language, do nevertheless exhibit impressively complex communication systems in natural settings.
(B)And they can be taught far more complex systems in artificial contexts, as when raised alongside humans.
(C)Even our closest primate cousins seem incapable of acquiring anything more than a rudimentary communicative system, even after intensive training over several years. The complexity that is language is surely a species-specific trait.

• ①
   (A)－(B)－(C)
• ②
   (B)－(C)－(A)
• ③
   (C)－(A)－(B)
• ④
   (C)－(B)－(A)

19. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

During the late twentieth century socialism was on the retreat both in the West and in large areas of the developing world. During this new phase in the evolution of market capitalism, global trading patterns became increasingly interlinked, and advances in information technology meant that deregulated financial markets could shift massive flows of capital across national boundaries within seconds. ‘Globalization’ boosted trade, encouraged productivity gains and lowered prices, but critics alleged that it exploited the low-paid, was indifferent to environmental concerns and subjected the Third World to a monopolistic form of capitalism. Many radicals within Western societies who wished to protest against this process joined voluntary bodies, charities and other non-governmental organizations, rather than the marginalized political parties of the left. The environmental movement itself grew out of the recognition that the world was interconnected, and an angry, if diffuse, international coalition of interests emerged.

• ①
   The affirmative phenomena of globalization in the developing world in the past
• ②
   The decline of socialism and the emergence of capitalism in the twentieth century
• ③
   The conflict between the global capital market and the political organizations of the left
• ④
   The exploitative characteristics of global capitalism and diverse social reactions against it

20. 다음 글에 나타난 Johnbull의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은?

In the blazing midday sun, the yellow egg-shaped rock stood out from a pile of recently unearthed gravel. Out of curiosity, sixteen-year-old miner Komba Johnbull picked it up and fingered its flat, pyramidal planes. Johnbull had never seen a diamond before, but he knew enough to understand that even a big find would be no larger than his thumbnail. Still, the rock was unusual enough to merit a second opinion. Sheepishly, he brought it over to one of the more experienced miners working the muddy gash deep in the jungle. The pit boss’s eyes widened when he saw the stone. “Put it in your pocket,” he whispered. “Keep digging.” The older miner warned that it could be dangerous if anyone thought they had found something big. So Johnbull kept shoveling gravel until nightfall, pausing occasionally to grip the heavy stone in his fist. Could it be?

• ①
   thrilled and excited
• ②
   painful and distressed
• ③
   arrogant and convinced
• ④
   detached and indifferent